|
|
|||||||
Janka Hardness Scale
The Janka Hardness Scale is used to rate the hardness of wood. The higher the number the harder the wood. This test measures the ability of a wood species to withstand denting and wear. It’s also an indicator of how easy the species is when working with carpenter’s tools such as sawing, drilling and nailing.Listed below are some of the more popular wood flooring species. These quantitative measurements should be used as a general guide. As with any scientific measurement there will be variations (+ or – 20%). Depending on where the wood was grown, plank constrtuction, and finish are additional factors when determining the durability and ease of maintenance of a wood floor.
These ratings were determined using the Janka Hardness Test which measures the side hardness of the force required to embed a .444 inch steel ball to half its diameter into the wood.
Janka Hardness Results
| Janka Test @ 12% moisture content | Common Name | Scientific Name |
| 4500 | lignumvitae | Guaiacum spp. |
| 3680 | ipe | Tabebula spp., lapacho group |
| 3570 | marishballi | Lincania spp. |
| 3480 | manbarklak | Eschweilera spp. |
| 3350 | azobe | Lophira aiata |
| 3220 | Ebony | Diospyros ebenum |
| 3190 | bulletwood | Manilkara bidentata |
| 3170 | rosewood, Indian | Dalbergia latifolia |
| 3040 | Angelim Pedra | Hymenolobium petraeum |
| 2900 | kaneelhart | Licaria spp. |
| 2720 | rosewood, Brazilian | Dalbergia nigra |
| 2690 | bubinga | Guibourtia spp. |
| 2350 | Brazilian Cherry /Jatoba | Hymenaea courbaril |
| 2350 | courbaril | Hymenaea courbaril |
| 2350 | greenheart | Chlorocardium rodiei |
| 2345 | Mesquite | Prosopis glandulosa v. Torr. |
| 2300 | mora | Mora spp. |
| 2300 | persimmon, common | Diospyros virginiana |
| 2200 | Santos Mahogany | Myrocarpus Frondosus |
| 2160 | goncalo alves | Astronium graveolens |
| 2150 | dogwood, flowering | Cornus florida |
| 2140 | sucupira | Diplotropis purpurea |
| 2040 | karri | Eucalyptus diversicolor |
| 2040 | Osage Orange | Maclura pornifer |
| 2040 | wallaba | Eperua spp. |
| 2030 | ash, blue | Fraxinus quadrangulata |
| 1940 | Cameron | Samanea pedicellaris |
| 1940 | degame | Calycophyllum candidissimum |
| 1925 | Merbau | Myroxylon peruiferum |
| 1912 | Amendoim | Pterogyne nitens |
| 1910 | jarrah | Eucalyptus marginata |
| 1860 | hophornbeam, eastern | Ostrya virginiana |
| 1860 | purpleheart | Peltogyne spp. |
| 1850 | Tigerwood | Astronium fraxinifolium |
| 1820 | hickory, pecan | Carya illinoensis |
| 1810 | Afzelia | Afzelia africana |
| 1800 | serviceberry | Amelanchier spp. |
| 1790 | laurel, mountain | Kalmia latifolia |
| 1780 | hornbeam, American | Carpinus caroliniana |
| 1780 | Rosewood | Dalbergia sissoo |
| 1780 | shorea | Shorea spp., baulau group |
| 1750 | angelin | Andira inermis |
| 1750 | benge | Guibourtia amoldiana |
| 1731 | tree-of-heaven | Ailanthus altissima |
| 1730 | apple | Malus sylvestris |
| 1730 | peroba rosa | Aspidosperma spp., peroba group |
| 1725 | African Padauk | Pterocarpus Soyauxii |
| 1720 | para-angelim | Hymenolobium excelsum |
| 1720 | piquia | Caryocar spp. |
| 1710 | kempas | Koompassia malaccensis |
| 1700 | locust, black | Robinia pseudoacacia |
| 1700 | pilon | Hyeronima spp. |
| 1630 | opepe | Nauclea diderrichii |
| 1630 | Red Pine | Pinus resinosa |
| 1630 | Wenge | Millettia laurentii |
| 1620 | oak, swamp white | Quercus bicolor |
| 1600 | peroba de campos | Paratecoma peroba |
| 1600 | yew. Pacific | Taxus brevifolia |
| 1580 | honeylocust | Gleditsia triacanthos |
| 1575 | Zebrawood | Microberlinia brazzavillensis |
| 1570 | True Pine | genus Pinus |
| 1560 | afromosia | Pericopsis elata |
| 1540 | elm, winged | Ulmus alata |
| 1530 | witch hazel | Hamamelis virginica |
| 1510 | oak, pin | Quercus palustris |
| 1510 | sapele | Entandrophragma cylindricum |
| 1500 | merbau | Intsia spp. |
| 1480 | oak, cherrybark | Quercus falcata var pagodifolia |
| 1470 | birch, sweet | Betula lenta |
| 1460 | madrone, Pacific | Arbutus menziesii |
| 1460 | oak, willow | Quercus phellos |
| 1450 | maple, sugar | Acer saccharum |
| 1410 | sepetir | Pseudosindora palustris |
| 1400 | oak, scarlet | Quercus coccinea |
| 1390 | coffeetree, Kentucky | Gymnocladus dioicus |
| 1380 | Bamboo | Phyllostachys |
| 1380 | Natural Bamboo | Bambuseae |
| 1375 | Australian Cypress | Callitrus, glauca |
| 1370 | oak, bur | Quercus macrocarpa |
| 1360 | oak, post | Quercus stellata |
| 1360 | oak, white | Quercus alba |
| 1320 | ash, white | Fraxinus americana |
| 1320 | elm, cedar | Ulmus crassifolia |
| 1320 | elm, rock | Ulmus thomasii |
| 1300 | beech, American | Fagus grandifolia |
| 1300 | ramin | Gonystylus bancanus |
| 1290 | angelique | Dicorynia guianensis |
| 1290 | mersawa | Anisoptera spp. |
| 1290 | oak, northern red | Quercus rubra |
| 1280 | Caribbean Heart Pine | Pinus caribaea |
| 1270 | keruing | Dipterocarpus spp. |
| 1270 | laurel, California | Umbellularia californica |
| 1260 | birch, yellow | Betula alleghaniensis |
| 1260 | iroko | Chlorophora spp. |
| 1240 | oak, swamp chestnut | Quercus michauxii |
| 1230 | kapur | Dryobalanops spp. |
| 1225 | Yellow Heart Pine | Pinus palustris |
| 1210 | oak, black | Quercus velutina |
| 1210 | oak, laurel | Quercus laurifolia |
| 1200 | ash, green | Fraxinus pennsylvanica |
| 1190 | oak, overcup | Quercus lyrata |
| 1190 | oak, water | Quercus nigra |
| 1180 | Carbonized Bamboo | Phyllostachys |
| 1180 | maple, black | Acer nigrum |
| 1160 | ash, oregon | Fraxinus latifolia |
| 1160 | juniper, alligator | Juniperus deppeana |
| 1150 | santa maria | Calophyllum brasiliense |
| 1136 | Cocobolo | Dalbergia retusa |
| 1130 | andiroba | Carapa guianensis |
| 1130 | oak, chestnut | Quercus prinus |
| 1120 | manni | Symphonia globulifera |
| 1080 | avodire | Turraeanthus africanus |
| 1060 | oak, southern red | Quercus falcata |
| 1040 | buckthorn, cascara | Rhamnus purshiana |
| 1020 | albarco | Cariniana spp. |
| 1020 | holly, American | Ilex opaca |
| 1020 | magnolia, southern | Magnolia grandiflora |
| 1010 | American walnut, black | Juglans nigra |
| 1000 | teak | Tectona grandis |
| 990 | ash, pumpkin | Fraxinus profunda |
| 960 | robe | Tabebul spp., roble group |
| 950 | American cherry, black | Prunus serotina |
| 950 | cherry, black | Prunus serotina |
| 950 | maple, red | Acer rubrum |
| 940 | sourwood | Oxydendrum arboreum |
| 910 | birch, paper | Betula papyrifera |
| 910 | pine, ocote | Pinus oocarpa |
| 900 | red cedar, eastern | Juniperus virginiana |
| 900 | sande | Brosimum spp., utile group |
| 880 | hackberry | Celtis occidentalis |
| 880 | tupelo. water | Nyssa aquatica |
| 870 | Southern yellow pine | Pinus palustris |
| 860 | elm, slippery | Ulmus rubra |
| 860 | pine, pinyon | Pinus edulis |
| 850 | ash, black | Fraxinus nigra |
| 850 | maple, bigleaf | Acer macrophyllum |
| 850 | sweetgum | Liquidambar styraciflua |
| 840 | elder, blue | Sambucus cerulea |
| 830 | elm, american | Ulmus americana |
| 830 | larch, western | Larix occidentalis |
| 830 | mahogany, African | Khaya spp. |
| 810 | tupelo, black | Nyssa sylvatica |
| 800 | mahogany, true | Swietenia macrophylla |
| 790 | Cumaru | Dipteryx odorata |
| 780 | (shorea) dark red meranti | Shorea spp., lauan-meranti group |
| 780 | parana-pine | Araucaria augustifolia |
| 770 | (shorea) yellow meranti | Shorea spp., lauan-meranti group |
| 770 | sycamore, american | Platanus occidentalis |
| 760 | birch, gray | Betula populifolia |
| 750 | pine, Monterey | Pinus radiata |
| 740 | pine, pond | Pinus serotina |
| 740 | pine, virginia | Pinus virginiana |
| 730 | chinkapin, giant | Castanopsis chrysophylla |
| 730 | pine, sand | Pinus clausa |
| 720 | boxelder | Acer negundo |
| 720 | cedar, Port Orford | Chamaecyparis lawsoniana |
| 710 | Douglas-fir, coast | Pseudotsuga menziesii |
| 700 | (magnolia) cucumber tree | Magnolia acuminata |
| 700 | maple, silver | Acer saccharimum |
| 690 | pine, loblolly | Pinus taeda |
| 690 | pine, shortleaf | Pinus echinata |
| 680 | hemlock, mountain | Tsuga mertensiana |
| 680 | sumac, staghorn | Rhus typhina |
| 660 | determa | Ocotea rubra |
| 660 | Douglas-fir. interior west | Pseudotsuga menziesii |
| 660 | pine, spruce | Pinus glabra |
| 660 | pine, Table Mountain | Pinus pungens |
| 660 | primavera | Tabebula donnell-smithii |
| 630 | cativo | Prioria copaifera |
| 630 | sassafras | Sassafras albidum |
| 620 | pine, pitch | Pinus rigida |
| 610 | ilomba | Pycnanthus angolensis |
| 610 | redcedar, southern | Juniperus silicicola |
| 600 | Douglas-fir, interior north | Pseudotsuga menziesii |
| 600 | Spanish-cedar | Cedrela spp. |
| 590 | alder, red | Alnus rubra |
| 590 | Larch | |
| 590 | silverbell, Carolina | Halesia carolina |
| 590 | tamarack | Larix laricina |
| 580 | cedar, Alaska | Chamaecyparis nootkatensis |
| 570 | baldcypress | Taxcodium distichum |
| 570 | pine, jack | Pinus banksiana |
| 560 | pine. red | Pinus resinosa |
| 550 | catalpa, northern | Catalpa speciosa |
| 550 | catalpa, southern | Catalpa bignonioides |
| 550 | hura | Hura crepitans |
| 540 | chestnut, American | Castenea dentata |
| 540 | hemlock, western | Tsuga heterophylla |
| 540 | yellow poplar | Liriodendron tulipifera |
| 520 | spruce, black | Picea mariana |
| 510 | banak | Virola spp. |
| 510 | Douglas-fir, interior south | Pseudotsuga menziesii |
| 510 | spruce, Sitka | Picea sitchensis |
| 500 | fir, California red | Abies magnifica |
| 500 | hemlock, eastern | Tsuga canadensis |
| 500 | pine, Jeffrey | Pinus jeffreyi |
| 490 | butternut | Juglans cinerea |
| 490 | fir, grand | Abies grandis |
| 490 | limba | Terminalia superba |
| 490 | spruce, red | Picea rubra |
| 480 | fir, white | Abies concolor |
| 480 | pine, lodgepole | Pinus contorta |
| 480 | redwood, old growth | Sequoia sempervirens |
| 480 | spruce, white | Picea glauca |
| 470 | incense-cedar | Libocedrus decurrens |
| 460 | (shorea) light red meranti | Shorea spp., lauan-meranti group |
| 460 | cypress, Mexican | Cupressus lustianica |
| 460 | pine, ponderosa | Pinus ponderosa |
| 430 | cottonwood, eastern | Populus deltoides |
| 430 | fir, pacific silver | Abies amabilis |
| 430 | obeche | Triplochiton scleroxylon |
| 430 | White pine, limber | Pinus flexilis |
| 420 | aspen, bigtooth | Populus grandidentata |
| 420 | pine, western white | Pinus monticola |
| 420 | redwood, second growth | Sequoia sempervirens |
| 410 | basswood, American | Tilia americana |
| 410 | fir, noble | Abies procera |
| 400 | fir, balsam | Abies balsamea |
| 390 | spruce, Engelmann | Picea engelmanni |
| 380 | cuangare | Dialyanthera spp. |
| 380 | okoume | Aucoumea klaineana |
| 380 | pine, eastern white | Pinus strobus |
| 380 | pine, sugar | Pinus lambertiana |
| 350 | aspen, quaking | Populus tremuloides |
| 350 | buckeye, yellow | Aesculus octandra |
| 350 | cedar, atlantic white | Chamaecyparis thyoides |
| 350 | cottonwood, black | Populus trichocarpa |
| 350 | fir, subalpine | Abies lasiocarpa |
| 350 | redcedar, western | Thuja plicata |
| 320 | white-cedar, northern | Thuja occidentalis |
| 300 | cottonwood) balsam poplar | Populus balsamifera |
| 240 | ceiba | Ceiba pentandra |
| *Bold indicates species grown in the USA | ||
|
|||||||||
